
Béchamel (White Sauce)
This versatile French mother sauce is the foundation for many dishes, from creamy pasta sauces to soufflés. The basic white sauce can be modified in countless ways to complement different dishes. Source: Joy of Cooking (2019), p. 548 Ingredients White Sauce (Basic Béchamel) 2 tbsp butter 2 tbsp all-purpose flour 1 cup milk Salt and black or white pepper, to taste Grated or ground nutmeg, to taste Optional Flavor Infusion 1 bay leaf 1 thick onion slice stuck with 2 whole cloves Thick Béchamel Variation 3 tbsp butter 3 tbsp all-purpose flour 1 cup milk Directions I. Basic White Sauce (Béchamel) To add flavor (optional), infuse the milk first: Bring it to a boil in a medium saucepan over medium heat with bay leaf and onion with cloves. Immediately take off the heat, cover, and let stand for 15 minutes. Fish out the onion and bay leaf and proceed as directed. Melt in a medium saucepan over medium-low heat: butter. Whisk in until well blended and smooth, about 1 1/2 minutes: flour. Remove the pan from the heat and slowly whisk in: milk. Return the pan to the heat and bring to a simmer, whisking constantly to prevent lumps. Continue to cook, whisking, until the sauce is smooth and hot and has thickened, 1 to 2 minutes. If you are using this sauce as is, season to taste with: salt, pepper, and nutmeg. II. Thick Béchamel Prepare White Sauce, using 3 tbsp butter, 3 tbsp flour, and 1 cup milk. Recipe Tips White sauce should be used immediately or kept warm in a double boiler with a piece of butter on top to prevent a skin from forming. For a richer sauce, substitute half-and-half or light cream for some or all of the milk. Common variations include Mornay sauce (add grated Gruyère or Parmesan cheese) and soubise sauce (add sautéed onions). This sauce is perfect for creamed vegetables, pasta dishes, and as a base for gratins and casseroles.